Using Comments in a C++ Program
By: Priya
When you are writing a program, it is always clear and self-evident what you are trying to do. Funny thing, though--a month later, when you return to the program, it can be quite confusing and unclear. I'm not sure how that confusion creeps into your program, but it always does.
To fight the onset of confusion, and to help others understand your code, you'll want to use comments. Comments are simply text that is ignored by the compiler, but that may inform the reader of what you are doing at any particular point in your program.
Types of Comments
C++ comments come in two flavors: the double-slash (//) comment, and the slash-star (/*) comment. The double-slash comment, which will be referred to as a C++-style comment, tells the compiler to ignore everything that follows this comment, until the end of the line.
The slash-star comment mark tells the compiler to ignore everything that follows until it finds a star-slash (*/) comment mark. These marks will be referred to as C-style comments. Every /* must be matched with a closing */.
As you might guess, C-style comments are used in the C language as well, but C++-style comments are not part of the official definition of C.
Many C++ programmers use the C++-style comment most of the time, and reserve C-style comments for blocking out large blocks of a program. You can include C++-style comments within a block "commented out" by C-style comments; everything, including the C++-style comments, is ignored between the C-style comment marks.
Using Comments
As a general rule, the overall program should have comments at the beginning, telling you what the program does. Each function should also have comments explaining what the function does and what values it returns. Finally, any statement in your program that is obscure or less than obvious should be commented as well.
Listing below demonstrates the use of comments, showing that they do not affect the processing of the program or its output.
HELP.CPP demonstrates comments.
1: #include <iostream.h> 2: 3: int main() 4: { 5: /* this is a comment 6: and it extends until the closing 7: star-slash comment mark */ 8: cout << "Hello World!\n"; 9: // this comment ends at the end of the line 10: cout << "That comment ended!\n"; 11: 12: // double slash comments can be alone on a line 13: /* as can slash-star comments */ 14: return 0; 15: } Hello World! That comment ended!
The comments on lines 5 through 7 are completely ignored by the compiler, as
are the comments on lines 9, 12, and 13. The comment on line 9 ended with the
end of the line, however, while the comments on lines 5 and 13 required a
closing comment mark.
Comments at the Top of Each File
It is a good idea to put a comment block at the top of every file you write. The exact style of this block of comments is a matter of individual taste, but every such header should include at least the following information:
- The name of the function or program.
- The name of the file.
- What the function or program does.
- A description of how the program works.
- The author's name.
- A revision history (notes on each change made).
- What compilers, linkers, and other tools were used to make the program.
- Additional notes as needed.
For example, the following block of comments might appear at the top of the Hello World program.
/************************************************************ Program: Hello World File: Hello.cpp Function: Main (complete program listing in this file) Description: Prints the words "Hello world" to the screen Author: Jesse Liberty (jl) Environment: Turbo C++ version 4, 486/66 32mb RAM, Windows 3.1 DOS 6.0. EasyWin module. Notes: This is an introductory, sample program. Revisions: 1.00 10/1/94 (jl) First release 1.01 10/2/94 (jl) Capitalized "World" ************************************************************/
It is very important that you keep the notes and descriptions up-to-date. A common problem with headers like this is that they are neglected after their initial creation, and over time they become increasingly misleading. When properly maintained, however, they can be an invaluable guide to the overall program.
Archived Comments
1. agaegetmsuje
View Tutorial By: agaegetmsuje at 2017-08-08 23:05:19
2. I know this if off topic but I'm looking into starting my own weblog and was curious
what al
View Tutorial By: forex robots 2017 at 2017-07-21 06:06:49
3. Very inspiring article for us Thanks for the great article. ….
Itâ
View Tutorial By: software development at 2014-07-14 13:16:31
4. Please provide some more examples ...It will be very useful..
View Tutorial By: it interview questions at 2012-09-29 05:07:55
5. Understanding C++ in fun way
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yHzOvaTt2OI
View Tutorial By: devo[ at 2012-09-16 15:52:21
6. At a writing of the big program in a team comments are important necessity as some one can be finis
View Tutorial By: vlad at 2011-05-13 12:29:01
7. If you use comments you will have better idea about your program even if the program becomes large l
View Tutorial By: Mohammed Homam at 2009-12-06 04:43:51
8. pLZ LET US FIND SOME PROGRAMS INVOLVING CONVERSION
View Tutorial By: Ishaq at 2009-02-12 00:27:59
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