C2007-09-22
Pointers and Function Arguments in C
Since C passes arguments to functions by value, there is no direct way for the called function to alter a variable in the calling function. For instance, a sorting routine might ex
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C2007-09-22
#if, #elif, #ifndef, #ifdef in C (Conditional Inclusion)
It is possible to control preprocessing itself with conditional statements that are evaluated during preprocessing. This provides a way to include code selectively, depending on th
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Macro Substitution using #define in C
A definition has the form #define name replacement text
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File Inclusion in C
File inclusion makes it easy to handle collections of #defines and declarations (among other things). Any source line of the form #include "filename"
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Recursion in C
C functions may be used recursively; that is, a function may call itself either directly or indirectly. Consider printing a number as a character string. As we mentioned before, th
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Initialization of Variables in C
In the absence of explicit initialization, external and static variables are guaranteed to be initialized to zero; automatic and register variables have undefined (i.e., garbage) i
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C2007-09-22
register Variables in C
A register declaration advises the compiler that the variable in question will be heavily used. The idea is that register variables are to be placed in machine registers, which may
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Static Variables in C
The variables sp and val in stack.c, and buf and bufp in getch.c, are for the private use of the functions in their respective source files, and are not meant to be accessed by any
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Variable Scope and functions in C
The functions and external variables that make up a C program need not all be compiled at the same time; the source text of the program may be kept in several files, and previously
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Example Calculator program in C - describing use of External Variables in C
A C program consists of a set of external objects, which are either variables or functions. The adjective ``external'' is used in contrast to ``internal'', which describes the argu
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getch and ungetch in C
What are getch and ungetch? It is often the case that a program cannot determine that it has read enough input until it has read too much. One instance is collecting characters tha
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Functions returning non-integer values in C
Many numerical functions like sqrt, sin, and cos return double; other specialized functions return other types than int. To illustrate how to deal with this, let us write and use t
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